In a groundbreaking systematic literature review, researchers have shed light on the critical role of climate-smart water management (CSWM) technologies in enhancing the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Given that agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global freshwater usage, the findings from this study highlight not only the environmental implications but also the commercial opportunities for the water, sanitation, and drainage sector.
Lead author Welcome Ntokozo Sifisosami Zondo from the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, emphasizes the urgent need for innovative water management strategies in a region where about 70% of the population relies on agriculture. “Despite the potential of climate-smart agriculture to mitigate the impacts of climate change, the adoption of these technologies has remained low,” Zondo noted. This presents a dual challenge and opportunity: addressing water scarcity while improving agricultural productivity.
The review identified key CSWM technologies, such as rainwater harvesting and micro-irrigation, which are crucial for smallholder farmers facing the brunt of climate change. However, the adoption of these technologies is hindered by inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, and a lack of technical skills among farmers. Zondo argues that “incentivizing smallholder farmers through subsidies and training can significantly enhance the adoption of these technologies.” This call to action is particularly relevant as stakeholders in the agricultural value chain, including policymakers and NGOs, seek to create a more conducive environment for sustainable practices.
The implications of this research extend beyond agriculture. As smallholder farmers adopt CSWM technologies, there is potential for increased demand for water management solutions, thereby creating commercial opportunities for businesses in the water, sanitation, and drainage sectors. Enhanced water management can lead to more efficient irrigation systems and improved water quality, which are essential for sustainable agricultural practices.
The study also highlights the importance of creating a supportive legislative framework that encourages the adoption of CSWM technologies. Zondo suggests that “a collaborative commitment among stakeholders is essential for the effective development of smallholder farming systems.” This collaboration could lead to more robust policies that support technological infrastructure development and provide financial assistance to farmers, ultimately fostering a more resilient agricultural sector.
As the world grapples with the challenges posed by climate change, the findings from this review, published in the journal ‘Water,’ underscore the necessity of integrating climate-smart practices into smallholder farming systems. The research not only contributes to the academic discourse but also serves as a vital resource for policymakers and industry leaders aiming to drive sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. The path forward is clear: fostering innovation and collaboration in water management can transform the agricultural landscape and improve the livelihoods of millions.
