In the arid expanse of southwestern Algeria, where water is a precious commodity, a recent study has shed light on the intricate balance between groundwater and surface water quality, with significant implications for the region’s water supply and energy sector. The research, led by Aymen Atbi from the Laboratory of Architecture and Environmental Heritage (ARCHIPEL) at Tahri Mohammed University of Bechar, delves into the chemical composition and suitability of these water sources for drinking and irrigation, offering valuable insights for sustainable water management.
Bechar, a city nestled in the Algerian Sahara, relies heavily on groundwater for its water supply, with surface water from dams contributing a smaller share. “Understanding the quality and behavior of these water sources is crucial for ensuring a reliable water supply and supporting the local economy, including the energy sector,” Atbi explains.
The study, published in the journal ‘Acque Sotterranee’ (which translates to ‘Underground Waters’), reveals distinct differences between groundwater and surface water in the region. Surface water is characterized by higher concentrations of sulfate, chloride, calcium, and magnesium ions. In contrast, groundwater exhibits a more varied composition, with some samples showing high levels of bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium.
Most groundwater samples were classified as good quality for drinking purposes, while surface water requires more careful monitoring. “This is a significant finding, as it highlights the importance of protecting and managing our groundwater resources,” Atbi notes. The study also assessed the quality of water for irrigation purposes, with groundwater proving to be more suitable and reliable than surface water sources.
One of the most intriguing aspects of the research is the observation of significant changes in the chemical properties of water when groundwater is mixed with dam water. These changes include increased pH levels, reduced concentration of dissolved salts, and alterations in mineral and anion concentrations. “These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to water resource management, considering both the quantity and quality of water sources,” Atbi says.
The implications of this research extend beyond the immediate region, offering valuable insights for water management and sustainability efforts in similar arid environments. As the energy sector increasingly relies on water for various processes, understanding and managing water quality becomes paramount.
The study’s findings could shape future developments in water resource management, encouraging the implementation of advanced monitoring systems and sustainable practices. By prioritizing the protection and efficient use of groundwater resources, regions like Bechar can ensure a reliable water supply, supporting economic growth and energy sector development.
As Atbi concludes, “This research is a stepping stone towards a more sustainable future, where water resources are managed wisely to support the needs of both people and industries.” With the insights gained from this study, the path towards a more water-secure future in the Algerian Sahara and similar regions becomes clearer.