In the heart of China’s industrial landscape, a pressing conflict is unfolding between the nation’s reliance on coal mining and its increasingly strained water resources. This tension is the focus of a recent study led by Zeng Fanmiao from the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at the University of Nottingham, which delves into the intricate web of challenges posed by coal mining to water sustainability.
The research, published in the *Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Offshore and Environmental Engineering Science* (MATEC Web of Conferences), highlights two primary impacts: water loss and water pollution. “The coexistence of open-pit and underground coal mines, coupled with the inverse spatial distribution of coal and water resources, is exacerbating environmental pressures in mining areas,” explains Zeng.
Water loss is a significant concern, with the study categorizing it into surface water loss, groundwater depletion, and mine water discharge. Surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes are often disrupted or diverted to support mining operations, while groundwater resources are depleted to meet the demands of coal extraction. Mine water discharge, laden with sediments and pollutants, further strains local water ecosystems.
Water pollution is another critical issue, affecting both surface and underground water sources. Contaminants from mining activities can seep into water bodies, rendering them unsuitable for drinking, agriculture, or industrial use. “The pollution not only impacts the local environment but also has far-reaching consequences for public health and economic stability,” notes Zeng.
The study proposes a series of mitigation strategies tailored to specific cases, aiming to address these water conflicts. Conventional treatment systems, physical and chemical precipitation methods, and advanced electrochemical desalination technologies like electrodialysis and membrane capacitive deionization are among the solutions discussed. Engineering methods such as grouting, goaf backfilling, and mine water reuse are also explored as viable options.
The findings underscore the need for region-specific, integrated technical solutions and robust policy support to foster sustainable coal mining and water management practices. “The goal is to strike a balance between meeting energy demands and preserving water resources for future generations,” Zeng emphasizes.
As China continues to grapple with its dual role as a global leader in coal production and a nation facing severe water scarcity, this research offers a timely and critical examination of the challenges and potential solutions in the intersection of coal mining and water resources. The insights provided could shape future developments in the field, guiding policymakers, industry leaders, and environmental advocates towards more sustainable and equitable practices.