In the heart of India’s semi-arid Marathwada region, a critical examination of sugarcane cultivation is unfolding, one that could reshape the future of agriculture and the energy sector. Led by Rahul Haribhau Wadghane, a researcher affiliated with the Symbiosis Institute of Operations Management and the Indian Institute of Forest Management, this study delves into the sustainability of sugarcane farming, a staple crop that fuels both local economies and bioenergy production.
The research, published in the journal ‘Sustainable Futures’ (translated as ‘भविष्य की स्थिरता’), employs the FAO’s Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) framework to evaluate the triple bottom line of sugarcane cultivation: economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The focus is on the command areas of the Jayakwadi Dam, a vital water source for the region’s farmers.
Wadghane’s study reveals a complex landscape. “Sugarcane farmers in Marathwada face a daunting challenge,” Wadghane explains. “They grapple with high input costs and low cane prices, all while contending with a climate prone to drought and acute water shortages.” Yet, the assessment also uncovers strengths, such as robust safety nets (77%), liquidity (74%), and profitability (85%).
However, the environmental dimension paints a sobering picture. Water pollution prevention stands at a mere 23%, and renewable material usage is at 30%. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including awareness programs, infrastructure development, and local policy adjustments.
The commercial implications for the energy sector are significant. Sugarcane is a primary feedstock for bioethanol production, a renewable energy source crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By enhancing the sustainability of sugarcane cultivation, the study suggests potential strategies for improving the entire bioenergy supply chain.
Wadghane’s research highlights the need for reduced dependency on external resources, promotion of environmentally-friendly practices, and enhanced community participation. These insights are invaluable for policymakers, agricultural extension services, and development organizations aiming to foster sustainable practices in sugarcane cultivation.
As the world grapples with climate change and resource depletion, studies like Wadghane’s offer a roadmap for balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship. The findings could shape future developments in sustainable agriculture and bioenergy production, ensuring a more resilient and equitable future for farmers and energy producers alike.