In the heart of Assam, India, at the National Institute of Technology Silchar, a researcher is making waves in the world of sustainable agriculture. Pragnaleena Debroy, a specialist in electronics and instrumentation engineering, is leading the charge in exploring how advanced technologies can revolutionize aquaponics—a farming method that combines fish farming (aquaculture) and soil-free plant cultivation (hydroponics). Her recent review, published in the journal *Sustainable Environment Research* (translated as *Sustainable Environment Research*), sheds light on the untapped potential of smart aquaponic systems, offering a glimpse into a future where food production is more efficient, sustainable, and economically viable.
Aquaponics has long been touted as a promising solution to global food scarcity, but traditional research has often overlooked the role of technology in optimizing these systems. Debroy’s work seeks to change that. By integrating advanced control and automation technologies—such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and renewable energy—aquaponics can become a powerhouse of productivity. “The use of control systems and automation can significantly enhance the efficiency of aquaponic systems,” Debroy explains. “These technologies help increase food production, reduce operational costs, minimize waste, and decrease labor requirements.”
One of the most compelling aspects of Debroy’s research is the potential for these systems to revolutionize resource management. Sensor-based automated nutrient delivery systems, for example, can provide precise nutrient levels based on real-time monitoring, reducing excess usage and promoting sustainability. Automation of water, nutrient, and energy management not only optimizes resource use but also reduces the environmental footprint, making aquaponics a more attractive option for commercial farmers.
The implications for the energy sector are particularly noteworthy. As aquaponic systems become more efficient, they could reduce the demand for traditional energy-intensive farming methods. Renewable energy integration, for instance, could further decrease the carbon footprint of food production, aligning with global sustainability goals. “Advanced control systems allow for dynamic regulation of water quality, environmental conditions, and nutrient levels, ensuring optimal conditions for both plants and fish,” Debroy notes. This precision could lead to higher yields and better-quality produce, making aquaponics a commercially viable alternative to conventional agriculture.
However, the path to widespread adoption is not without challenges. Debroy’s review highlights several critical topics, including adaptation challenges, cost–benefit analysis, technical difficulties, and the need for education in this field. Overcoming these barriers will be essential for maximizing the potential of aquaponics. “These considerations are essential for overcoming barriers and maximizing the potential of aquaponics,” Debroy states.
As the world grapples with food scarcity and environmental degradation, Debroy’s research offers a beacon of hope. By integrating advanced technologies into aquaponic systems, we can create a more sustainable and efficient food production model. The strategic adoption of these technologies positions aquaponics as a key solution to combating food scarcity and promoting sustainable food production. As Debroy’s work continues to gain traction, it is clear that the future of agriculture lies in the intersection of innovation and sustainability.