In the heart of North Africa, where water is as precious as oil, Algeria is grappling with a pressing challenge: how to make every drop count. With a mere 500 cubic meters of freshwater per person, the country is under intense water stress, and the situation is only set to worsen with climate change and population growth. But a recent study, led by Cherif Rezzoug from the Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, offers a glimmer of hope, shedding light on the current state of wastewater treatment in Algeria and charting a course for a more sustainable future.
The study, published in the journal Discover Sustainability (translated as “Exploring Sustainability”), paints a stark picture of the challenges facing Algeria’s wastewater treatment sector. “The effectiveness of wastewater treatment in Algeria is hindered by several factors, including outdated infrastructure, technical failures, and a shortage of skilled workers,” Rezzoug explains. These issues have led to inefficient sludge management and a low recycling rate, not exceeding 40%, lagging behind neighboring countries like Tunisia and Morocco.
The research delves into the various treatment technologies employed in Algeria, from primary and secondary treatments to more advanced tertiary treatments. It reveals significant gaps and shortcomings, with the country’s wastewater treatment plants struggling to keep up with growing local needs. “The technological and material lag is evident,” Rezzoug notes, “but there is also a pressing need for better operator training and increased use of sludge and recycled water, particularly in agriculture.”
Yet, the study is not all doom and gloom. It highlights the potential of innovative solutions and modern technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and artificial intelligence, to improve treatment quality and reduce operating costs. These advancements could not only enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment but also open up new opportunities for the energy sector. For instance, the use of treated wastewater in cooling systems could reduce the demand for freshwater, while the biogas generated from sludge treatment could be harnessed for energy production.
The commercial implications are significant. As Algeria seeks to diversify its economy and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, the sustainable management of water resources could play a pivotal role. By modernizing infrastructure, strengthening legal frameworks, and fostering public-private partnerships, Algeria could unlock new economic opportunities and bolster its resilience to future climate and demographic challenges.
The study’s findings serve as a wake-up call, underscoring the urgent need for action. “Algeria must act swiftly to address these gaps and shortcomings,” Rezzoug urges. “By doing so, it can catch up with its neighbors and pave the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future.”
As the world grapples with the realities of climate change and water scarcity, Algeria’s journey offers valuable insights and lessons. The path forward is clear: invest in modern technologies, train skilled workers, and foster innovation. By doing so, Algeria can turn the tide on water stress and secure a brighter future for all.