In the face of escalating global water scarcity driven by climate change and pollution, a groundbreaking systematic literature review published in *Frontiers in Water* (translated to English as *Frontiers in Water*) offers a roadmap for leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) to revolutionize water management. Led by Carlos Cohen-Manrique of the Vatio Laboratory at Corporación Universitaria del Caribe-CECAR in Colombia, the study meticulously analyzes 458 peer-reviewed articles to uncover the most promising IoT-based strategies for monitoring and managing surface and groundwater systems.
The research, which adheres to PRISMA guidelines, categorizes the studies into four key thematic areas: IoT applications in aquatic environments, data transmission technologies, algorithms for process optimization and data analysis, and sensor fusion techniques. One of the standout findings is the dominance of LoRa (Long Range) as the preferred transmission technology. “LoRa’s long-range coverage, scalability, and low energy consumption make it an ideal choice for aquatic environments,” Cohen-Manrique explains. “Its ability to transmit data over long distances with minimal power consumption is particularly valuable in remote or hard-to-reach areas.”
Emerging innovations such as remote IoT, satellite-assisted sensing, and digital twins are also gaining traction as transformative tools for real-time hydrological monitoring. These technologies promise to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of water resource management, offering significant commercial impacts for the energy sector. For instance, digital twins—virtual replicas of physical systems—can simulate and optimize water distribution networks, reducing energy consumption and operational costs. “The integration of these technologies into existing infrastructure can lead to more sustainable and cost-effective water management practices,” Cohen-Manrique notes.
The study also highlights a shift toward more integrated and intelligent IoT frameworks, recommending a comprehensive architecture for aquatic systems. However, it underscores the need for more accessible, affordable, and interoperable IoT solutions to enable broader adoption, particularly in resource-constrained regions. “While the advancements are promising, we must ensure that these technologies are accessible to all, including those in developing countries, to support sustainable water resource management globally,” Cohen-Manrique emphasizes.
The findings of this systematic literature review not only shed light on the current state of IoT applications in water management but also pave the way for future developments. As the energy sector increasingly relies on water for cooling and other processes, the integration of IoT technologies can lead to more efficient and sustainable water use, ultimately reducing energy costs and environmental impact. The research serves as a call to action for stakeholders to invest in and adopt these innovative solutions, ensuring a more resilient and sustainable future for water resources worldwide.