In the heart of Ethiopia’s semi-arid Awash River Basin lies the Kesem sub-basin, a region grappling with water scarcity and an ever-growing dependence on groundwater. Demelash D. Abadefar, a researcher from the Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering Department at Woldia University, has embarked on a mission to tackle this pressing issue. His recent study, published in the ‘Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies’ (translated as ‘Hydrology: Regional Studies’), offers a promising approach to enhance groundwater recharge through the strategic placement of percolation tanks.
Abadefar’s research integrates Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing (RS), the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to identify suitable sites for percolation tanks. These tanks are designed to capture and store runoff water, allowing it to percolate into the ground and replenish aquifers. “The idea is to harness the power of nature and technology to combat water scarcity,” Abadefar explains.
The study considered thirteen factors, including rainfall, runoff, drainage density, and proximity to wells, among others. The SWAT model was used to simulate runoff, demonstrating strong performance during both calibration and validation phases. FAHP was then applied to determine the weights of each criterion, and fuzzy membership functions were used to standardize inputs. Finally, a gamma fuzzy overlay technique integrated all factors to produce a suitability map.
The results revealed that only 3.26% of the sub-basin is classified as very highly suitable for percolation tanks. However, this seemingly small percentage translates to a significant opportunity for groundwater enhancement. “Even a small area can make a big difference when it comes to water management,” Abadefar notes.
The spatial prioritization provided by this study offers a scientifically validated basis for groundwater recharge enhancement. It serves as a practical decision-support tool for regional water management and rainwater harvesting planning. The implications for the energy sector are substantial, as water scarcity can significantly impact hydropower generation, which is a crucial energy source in Ethiopia.
This research could shape future developments in the field by promoting the use of integrated approaches for water management. As Abadefar puts it, “The future lies in combining different tools and techniques to tackle complex water challenges.” By doing so, we can ensure a more sustainable and resilient water future for all.
The study, titled “Integrated approach to identify suitable sites for percolation tanks to enhance groundwater in Kesem sub-basin,” is a testament to the power of interdisciplinary research in addressing real-world problems. As the world grapples with increasing water scarcity, such innovative solutions will be crucial in securing our most precious resource.