In a significant stride toward combating plastic pollution, researchers have made notable advancements in the degradation of micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) using sustainable photo-driven processes. A comprehensive review published in the journal *Next Sustainability* (translated from Bengali as *Sustainability Next*) sheds light on innovative technologies that could revolutionize how industries, particularly the energy sector, manage plastic waste.
Micro and nanoplastics are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, posing substantial ecological and health risks. Traditional degradation methods often fall short, but photo-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are emerging as a beacon of hope. These processes, including photolysis, photo-Fenton, and photocatalysis, leverage light to break down MNPs into less harmful compounds.
Dr. Md. Arif Hossen, the lead author from the Institute of River, Harbor and Environmental Science (IRHES) at Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, explains, “Our review critically evaluates recent advances in these processes, integrating mechanistic insights, performance metrics, and environmental implications.” The study highlights that certain systems have demonstrated the capacity to achieve complete mineralization of MNPs under optimized conditions.
One of the most promising breakthroughs mentioned in the review is the 100% mineralization of polystyrene nanoplastics within minutes using photoelectro-Fenton processes. Additionally, full degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been achieved under visible-light-driven photocatalysis. These advancements are not just academic achievements; they hold significant commercial potential for the energy sector, where plastic waste management is a growing concern.
The efficiency of these processes is further enhanced by co-factors such as inorganic minerals, organic acids, and halogen species, which promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and surface oxidation. However, challenges remain, including incomplete mineralization, potential formation of toxic intermediates, catalyst recyclability, and scalability limitations.
Dr. Hossen emphasizes the need for future research to focus on elucidating degradation pathways, developing selective and value-added conversion strategies, and engineering visible-light-responsive, green-synthesized catalysts. “By synthesizing recent progress and identifying key knowledge gaps, this review provides a comprehensive roadmap toward sustainable and scalable MNPs remediation technologies,” he adds.
The implications for the energy sector are profound. As industries strive for sustainability, the ability to efficiently degrade micro and nanoplastics could lead to cleaner operations and reduced environmental impact. The integration of biological systems and the standardization of analytical protocols are also crucial steps toward making these technologies commercially viable.
This research not only highlights the current state of photo-driven degradation processes but also sets the stage for future innovations. As the energy sector continues to evolve, the adoption of these sustainable technologies could pave the way for a cleaner, more efficient future. The review published in *Next Sustainability* serves as a guiding light, illuminating the path forward in the fight against plastic pollution.