In the heart of Zimbabwe, a pressing question echoes through the dry, parched landscapes: how can smallholder farmers, the backbone of rural communities, adapt to the harsh realities of climate change and ensure food security? Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera, a researcher from the Department of Agriculture and Research at Morgenster Teachers College in Masvingo, has been delving into this very question, and his findings, published in the journal ‘Plant-Environment Interactions’ (which translates to ‘Plant-Environment Interactions’ in English), offer a beacon of hope for dry regions worldwide.
Kugedera’s systematic review, which combed through 1200 papers published between 2020 and 2025, reveals a compelling narrative about the power of climate-resilient agriculture. “The key is to combine water management, soil conservation, and crop diversification,” Kugedera explains. “This approach has shown remarkable results in countries like Zimbabwe and Kenya, where yields have increased dramatically.”
The research highlights the success of cultivating climate-resilient crops such as sorghum, cowpeas, and millets. In Zimbabwe, combining these practices increased sorghum yields from a mere 200 kg per hectare to a staggering 1140 kg per hectare. Similarly, in Kenya, yields soared from 250 kg to an impressive 5675 kg per hectare. These numbers are not just statistics; they represent a lifeline for smallholder farmers, offering a path out of poverty and food insecurity.
But the benefits extend beyond the farm. Improved food systems have a ripple effect, enhancing rural livelihoods and empowering communities. “Adopting climate-resilient agricultural practices is not just about mitigating climate change; it’s about creating a sustainable future for smallholder farmers,” Kugedera emphasizes.
The implications for the energy sector are also significant. As the world grapples with the need for sustainable energy solutions, the agricultural sector can play a pivotal role. Climate-resilient crops require less water and are more adaptable to harsh conditions, reducing the strain on resources. This, in turn, can lead to more efficient use of energy and water resources, benefiting the broader economy.
Kugedera’s research is a call to action for policymakers, agricultural experts, and the energy sector to collaborate and invest in climate-resilient agriculture. “The time to act is now,” he urges. “We have the knowledge and the tools; we just need the collective will to implement these practices on a larger scale.”
As the world continues to face the challenges of climate change, Kugedera’s work serves as a reminder that innovation and adaptation are not just possible but necessary. The future of agriculture lies in resilience, and the journey towards a sustainable future starts with a single, well-adapted seed.